Array Network Facility

Questions we addressed: * How can we use the TA for coherent wavefield processing? * What are the limits of coherent processing? * How to adapt to standard methods? * What phases can be analyzed this way? Issues: Standard plane wave methods used in array processing need to be adapted to account for two fundamental issues with a broaband array the scale of the TA: 1. Alignment: we cannot use the conventional plane wave approximation due to scale and large statics problems. 2. Data volume: the data volume is so large we need ways to automatically handle noisy and bad stations

As we begin our fourth year of operations, the Array Network Facility (ANF) for the EarthScope USArray Transportable Array seismic network has continued the timely delivery of metadata and waveform data from the growing number of Transportable Array stations. The network has increased in size to 307 stations with 244 out of the 400 new TA sites installed (as of February 2007). Starting next spring, equipment will start to roll from current stations to new locations to the east of the current footprint. Use of the Antelope software package has allowed us to maintain and operate such a dynamic network configuration, facilitating the collection and transfer of data, the generation and merging of the metadata as well as the real-time monitoring of state of health of TA station data-loggers and their command and control. Four regional networks (Anza, BDSN, SCSN, and UNR) as well as the USNSN contribute data to the Transportable Array in real-time. Although the real-time data flow to the IRIS DMC has been consistently above 90% in the last year, the ANF has strived to recover the remaining 10% of data to the DMC by connecting to a data storage device (Baler) at each station to generate day long seed files: automation of this process is ongoing. Operation of the USArray at the ANF has benefited by the real-time interface with the ORB and the Datascope database using PHP for display on the ANF website (http://anf.ucsd.edu). A recent feature in the website is round-robin database (rrd) plots allowing for scoping of individual and grouped state of health parameters. Information available for all stations includes: location, maps, photographs, equipment deployed, communications, distribution of events recorded by each station, and displays of daily, weekly, and monthly station noise spectra as generated by the DMC. Analyst review of automatic locations for the USArray network is being done at the ANF to monitor data quality. All events are associated with the USGS and regional network bulletins. As of February 2007, around 13,000 weekly picks are being fully reviewed by analysts at the ANF and over 19,000 events have been recorded. We find a small percentage of events that cannot be associated with existing bulletins. This information is used by the regional network operators to help them determine which stations may be beneficial to permanently add to their seismic networks.

The Earthscope Transportable Array has increased in size over the last three years to over 250 broadband seismic stations. Critical real-time assessment of datalogger state-of-health information and data transfer metadata is fundamental to maintaining a healthy network. Providing this information to analysts, station engineers, administrative staff, researchers and the public is the responsibility of the Array Network Facility (ANF). Various interconnected software packages (including the Antelope Environmental Monitoring System, Round Robin Database Tool, Generic Mapping Tools, MATLAB) and web services (including Nagios and Flickr) build data products in near real-time that are organized and integrated into the ANF website using XML, Javascript, and PHP. These metadata and data products are readily accessible via the world-wide-web at http://anf.ucsd.edu. This poster will highlight recent advances in web-based tool development, including an XML-based Datalogger Monitor (dlmon) that is integrated with real-time graphing capabilities.

The Transportable Array (TA) component of USArray uses real-time telemetry to send data to the Array Network Facility (ANF) through a variety of satellite, mobile phone, wireless and wired communication links. The ANF is responsible for the timely delivery of metadata and waveform data to the IRIS DMC from the growing number of Transportable Array stations. The IRIS DMC makes these data available to the research community. The network has increased in size to 327 stations with 259 out of the 400 new TA sites installed (as of 28 February 2007). Starting in Fall 2007, equipment will start to roll from current stations to new locations to the east of the current footprint. Use of the Antelope software package has allowed the ANF to maintain and operate this extremely dynamic network configuration, facilitating the collection and transfer of data, the generation and merging of the metadata as well as the real-time monitoring of state of health of TA station data-loggers and their command and control. Four regional networks (ANZA, BDSN, SCSN, and UNR) as well as the USNSN contribute data to the Transportable Array in real-time. Although the real-time data flow to the IRIS DMC has been 93.4% over the last year, the ANF and the TA field teams have extended every effort and have managed to recover an additional 4.8% by recovering data from the local data storage device (Baler 14) at each station. Once the missing data is recovered, we then generate station-channel-day volume seed files, which are resent to the DMC to bring the total data recovery rate to 98.4%. The total network uptime is above 99%. Analyst review of automatic locations for the USArray network is being done at the ANF as part of the data quality monitoring strategy. All events are associated with the USGS and regional network bulletins. As of February 2007, around 13,000 weekly picks are being fully reviewed by analysts at the ANF and over 19,000 events have been recorded. We find a small percentage (about 10 %) of events that cannot be associated with existing bulletins. This information is used by the regional network operators to help them determine which TA stations may be beneficial to permanently add to their seismic networks. Operation of the USArray at the ANF has benefited by the real-time interface with the ORB and the Datascope database using PHP for display on the ANF website (http:anf.ucsd.edu) to provide station and system state-of- health information to field teams. Information available for all stations includes: location, maps, photographs, equipment deployed, communications, distribution of events recorded by each station, and displays of daily, weekly, and yearly state of health parameters as well as station noise spectra generated by the DMC.

Over the past three years the Array Network Facility (ANF) has developed a robust, extensible web-based toolkit for monitoring the state-of-health of Earthscope's Transportable Array. The tools are constructed within a framework of the Antelope Real Time System (ARTS) and the Antelope interface to the PHP Hypertext Processor (PHP), an inline scripting language. Exporting data from Datascope databases and Object Ring Buffer (ORB) packets into XML allows comprehensive client-side interaction via Asynchronous Javascript And XML (AJAX) calls. Navigating and displaying the resultant XML Document Object Model (DOM) trees are done using eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT) and PHP's built-in DOM classes. Tools include regional and individual station and event maps, state-of-health statistics, waveform plots, and datalogger monitoring. Combined with real-time graphing of state-of-health parameters from status ORB packets using Round Robin Database Tool (RRDtool), this toolkit allows analysts, station engineers, scientists, and the general public to view, assess, interact with, and download data collected from the 250+ stations in the Transportable Array seismic network. Tools are available at the Array Network Facility website, http:anf.ucsd.edu.

The Array Network Facility website (http://anf.ucsd.edu) displays a variety of diverse meta-data associated with the USArray Transportable and Flexible Arrays. A suite of online tools has been developed to allow visual and interactive exploration of the data and meta-data from the array stations. The website is partitioned into public and administrative areas. The public area provides dynamic maps of station locations, along with network affiliations, communication providers, hardware configurations, associated latencies and event maps. The public pages also show waveform data returned for the last 1, 2 and 24 hours. This allows rapid assessment of array health from anywhere with internet access. Graphical representations of state-of-health parameters are generated nightly for each station, creating a searchable archive. The station maps and metadata details are fully dynamic, updating immediately based on changes in the underlying databases and streaming data returned. The password-protected administrative area provides access to a searchable database of station-maintenance email from field personnel, filed by station, as well as upload and search facilities for digital photos of field sites integrated with the Flickr photo-sharing facility at http://www.flickr.com. The underlying architecture of this dynamic environment is the Datascope RDBMS, part of the Antelope Environmental Monitoring System (http://www.brtt.com), in combination with the PHP Hypertext Processing (PHP) scripting language. This configuration provides an easily extensible platform for real time environmental monitoring, with many re-usable components. We present the various types of data available from the ANF website, in addition to simple descriptions of how these data were collected and displayed. We also outline upcoming tools that we are currently developing to improve monitoring as this already large array continues to grow.

During the third year of operations, the Array Network Facility (ANF) for the EarthScope USArray Transportable Array seismic network has continued the timely delivery of metadata and waveform data from the growing number of Transportable Array stations. The network has nearly doubled in size over the last year to 233 stations with 170 out of the 400 new TA sites installed (as of September 2006). Use of the Antelope software package has allowed us to maintain and operate such a dynamic network configuration, facilitating the collection and transfer of data, the generation and merging of the metadata as well as the real-time monitoring of state of health of TA station data-loggers and their command and control. Currently four regional networks (Anza, BDSN, SCSN, and UNR) as well as the USNSN contribute data to the Transportable Array with additional contributions expected from UUSS and the Montana Regional Seismic Network. Although the real- time data flow to the IRIS DMC has been consistently above 90% in the last year, the ANF has strived to recover the remaining 10% of data to the DMC by connecting to a data storage device (Baler) at each station to generate day long seed files: automation of this process is ongoing. The results of this process will be presented. Operation of the USArray at the ANF has benefited by the real-time interface with the ORB and the Datascope database using PHP for display on the ANF website (http://anf.ucsd.edu). A recent feature in the website is station grouping, by communication provider, network, and equipment deployed at each site that helps to diagnose and reduce response time to operational problems. Information available for all stations includes: location, maps, photographs, equipment deployed, communications, distribution of events recorded by each station, and displays of daily, weekly, and monthly station noise spectra as generated by the DMC is also available. Analyst review of automatic locations for the USArray network are being done in quasi real-time at the ANF to monitor data quality. All events are associated with the USGS and regional network bulletins. We find a small percentage of events that cannot be associated with existing bulletins. The pick information generated at the ANF for all USArray stations is made available as a basic product to the scientific community and regional data centers. As of September 2006, an average of 10,000 weekly picks are being generated by analysts at the ANF.

Large-scale observing systems are poised to become the dominant means of study for a variety of natural phenomena. These systems are comprised of hundreds to thousands of instruments that must be queried, managed, and shared in a scalable fashion. Services-oriented architectures (SOAs) are widely recognized as the preferred framework for building scalable and extensible cyberinfrastructure. By applying SOA concepts, we created a framework for organizing observing system resources. Guided by this framework, we developed web services, custom workflow applications, and an integrated user interface of monitors and controls for managing instruments in large-scale sensor network observing systems. In this paper we present our approach and discuss its application to the NSF EarthScope USArray large-scale seismic observing system.

With the advances in the collection of greater quantities of higher caliber data, the field geophysics demands a new device to appropriately synthesize and compare the continuously-incoming slew of heterogeneous datasets from various branches of earth science. These data include earthquakes, sediment thickness, focal mechanisms, topography, tomography, Moho depth, aquifers, mines, geology, magnetics, faults, gravity, and photo-imagery. Due to the terminology, domain knowledge, and file formats associated with each data type and respective sub-discipline, the coherent translation of the data made accessible for all involved parties of researchers becomes a difficult task. Herein, interactive 3D visualizations succor in advancing comprehension of interdependencies between datasets, even manifesting never-before-seen relations previously masked by directly interpreting raw data. One such example would be the examination of Californian fault systems. To assay the discrete intricacies of fault systems, we use 3D visualizations to posit representations of first motion mechanisms as sets of dual nodal planes (strike & dip) into a geographically-bound environment; once this is accomplished, a mere visual inspection yields the identification of certain regions as of high fault complexity (e.g., Coalinga, the San Jacinto fault) and of relative fault simplicity (e.g., Parkfield). These visualizations can be appended with imagery from earthquake locations (lat, lon, depth), surface fault traces, and seismic instrument locations. Other projects include interpreting and using data recorded by the USArray Transportable Array network to generate temporal snapshots of how surface wave tomography derived from ambient seismic noise has evolved with the expansion of the sensor network. Likewise, these "snapshots" can be visualized to produce stunning presentations. Visualizations such as the aforementioned are available to the public through download at the Scripps Visualization Center's visual objects library (http://siovizcenter.ucsd.edu/library.php). This library includes 3D interactive visualizations, Quicktime movies, and on-line tools. Please contact us at vizinfo@ucsd.edu if you would like to collaborate on visualizing your geophysical data.

EarthScope's Transportable Array has installed more than 200 high-quality broadband seismic stations over the last 3 years in the western US. These stations have a nominal spacing of 70 km and are part of an eventual 400 station array that migrates from west to east at a rate of 18 stations per month. The full 400 stations will be operating by September 2007. Stations have a residence time of about 2 years before being relocated to the next site. Throughout the continental US, 1623 sites are expected to be occupied. Standardized procedures and protocols have been developed to streamline all aspects of Transportable Array operations, from siting to site construction and installation to equipment purchasing and data archiving. Earned Value Management tools keep facility installation and operation on budget and schedule. A diverse, yet efficient, infrastructure installs and maintains the Transportable Array. Sensors, dataloggers, and other equipment are received and tested by the IRIS PASSCAL Instrument Center and shipped to regional storage facilities. To engage future geoscientists in the project, students are trained to conduct field and analytical reconnaissance to identify suitable seismic station sites. Contract personnel are used for site verification; vault construction; and installation of sensors, power, and communications systems. IRIS staff manages permitting, landowner communications, and station operations and maintenance. Seismic signal quality and metadata are quality-checked at the Array Network Facility at the University of California-San Diego and simultaneously archived at the IRIS Data Management Center in Seattle. Station equipment has been specifically designed for low power, remote, unattended operation and uses diverse two-way IP communications for real-time transmission. Digital cellular services, VSAT satellite, and commercial DSL, cable or wireless transport services are employed. Automatic monitoring of status, signal quality and earthquake event detection as well as operational alarms for low voltage and water intrusion are performed by a robust data acquisition package. This software is coupled with a host of network management tools and display managers operated by the Array Network Facility to allow managers, field personnel, and network operations staff to visualize array performance in real-time and to access historical information for diagnostics. Current data recording proficiency is 99.1%, with real-time telemetry averaging about 91%. EarthScope, IRIS and the USGS are working with regional seismic network operators, both existing and newly formed, to transition some of the Transportable Array stations into regional network assets. Each region has unique circumstances and interested parties are invited to exchange ideas on how this might be accomplished in their area. Contact busby@iris.edu for more information.

The Earthscope Transportable Array has increased in size over the last three years to over 200 broadband seismic stations. Assessing the state-of-health of the station equipment, collecting data transfer metadata, and providing this information to analysts, station engineers, administrative staff, researchers and the public is the responsibility of the Array Network Facility (ANF). Various interconnected software packages (including the Antelope Environmental Monitoring System, RRD, GMT, MATLAB, Nagios and Flickr) build data products in near real-time that are organized and integrated into the ANF website using PHP (a web-based scripting language embedded in HTML). These metadata and data products are readily accessible via the world-wide-web at http://anf.ucsd.edu, where multiple web-based tools have been developed to display and visualize these products.

Recent progress on the Antelope interfaces to the Storage Resource Broker and on the deployable ROADNet Point Of Presence ("RPOP") has allowed three real-time observatories to be federated for virtual access to ROADNet image and meteorological data, coastal ocean current-monitoring data, and hundreds of gigabytes of USArray seismic data. The new Antelope-SRB Strdisp utility allows interactive review of waveform data from these data sources, with observatory-grade tools, on any computer with internet access, sufficient bandwidth, and system authentication. Similarly, the new Antelope-SRB Strexcerpt utility allows arbitrary subset databases of waveform data to be extracted, via simple or complex queries, and downloaded to the researcher's machine in any of approximately 20 user-specifiable formats. Key parts of the Antelope interface for PHP have been extended to the Antelope-SRB interface, providing web-scriptable world-wide-web access to these datasets. Similarly, key parts of the Antelope Toolbox for Matlab have been ported to the Antelope-SRB interface, making these large, federated data sets accessible to researchers for custom interactive exploration and processing based on their individual research needs. We end by discussing ongoing work on generalized remote database exploration and analysis tools for Antelope-SRB virtualized data sets. We also discuss the Antelope-SRB ORB (Virtual-ORB) interfaces in the RPOP cyberinfrastructure node.

Large-scale observing systems are poised to become the dominant means of study for a variety of natural phenomena. These systems are comprised of hundreds to thousands of instruments that must be queried, managed, and shared in a scalable fashion. Services-oriented architectures (SOAs) are widely recognized as the preferred framework for building scalable and extensible cyberinfrastructure. By applying SOA concepts, we created a framework for organizing observing system resources and virtualizing command and control. We developed a suite of web services, custom workflow applications, and an integrated user interface of monitors and controls for managing instruments in large-scale sensor network observing systems. In particular, by virtualizing command and control, were able to decouple deployment processes from the target computer hosting the sensor network middleware, thus enabling more efficient administration. This poster illustrates our approach and its application to the NSF EarthScope USArray large-scale seismic observing system.

The Antelope Environmental Monitoring System (http://www.brtt.com) is a robust middleware architecture for near-real-time data collection, analysis, archiving and distribution. Antelope has an extensive toolkit allowing users to interact directly with their datasets. A rudimentary interface was developed in previous work between Antelope and the web-scripting language PHP (The PHP language is described in more detail at http://www.php.net). This interface allowed basic application development for remote access to and interaction with near-real-time data through a World Wide Web interface. We have added over 70 new functions for the Antelope interface to PHP, providing a solid base for web-scripting of near-real-time Antelope database applications. In addition, we have designed a new structure for web sites to be created from the Antelope platform, including PHP applications and Perl CGI scripts as well as static pages. Finally we have constructed the first version of the dbwebproject program, designed to dynamically create and maintain web-sites from specified recipes. These tools have already proven valuable for the creation of web tools for the dissemination of and interaction with near-real-time data streams from multi-signal-domain real-time sensor networks. We discuss current and future directions of this work in the context of the ROADNet project. Examples and applications of these core tools are elaborated in a companion presentation in this session (Newman et al., AGU 2005, session IN06).

The Array Network Facility (ANF) for the Earthscope USArray Transportable Array seismic network is responsible for: the delivery of all Transportable Array stations (400 at full deployment) and telemetered Flexible Array stations (up to 200) to the IRIS Data Management Center; station command and control; verification and distribution of metadata; providing useful remotely accessible world wide web interfaces for personnel at the Array Operations Facility (AOF) to access state of health information; and quality control for all data. To meet these goals, we use the Antelope software package to facilitate data collection and transfer, generation and merging of the metadata, real-time monitoring of dataloggers, generation of station noise spectra, and analyst review of individual events. Recently, an Antelope extension to the PHP scripting language has been implemented which facilitates the dynamic presentation of the real-time data to local web pages. Metadata transfers have been simplified by the use of orb transfer technologies at the ANF and receiver end points. Web services are being investigated as a means to make a potentially complicated set of operations easy to follow and reproduce for each newly installed or decommissioned station. As part of the quality control process, daily analyst review has highlighted areas where neither the regional network bulletins nor the USGS global bulletin have published solutions. Currently four regional networks (Anza, BDSN, SCSN, and UNR) contribute data to the Transportable Array with additional contributors expected. The first 100 stations (42 new Earthscope stations) were operational by September 2005 with all but one of the California stations installed. By year's end, weather permitting, the total number of stations deployed is expected to be around 145. Visit http://anf.ucsd.edu for more information on the project and current status.

A 16.4 megapixel display wall has been constructed at the Array Network Facility (ANF) in the Cecil H. & Ida M. Green Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) for the display of multiple interactive visualizations of various geophysical datasets. This system is designed through collaboration between major NSF funded projects such as OptIPuter and USArray (Earthscope), and will allow researchers to access large stores of data on remote servers using dedicated links, visually analyze data and present results at extremely high resolution. The system is nicknamed iCluster and will be scaled to a 50 megapixel display as the USArray (currently about 80 stations) expands its operations. The OptIPuter project (www.optiputer.net) leverages the capabilities of dedicated optical networks that interconnect instruments, processors, computer storage and visualization resources to aid in Earth Sciences research. The iCluster comprises a cluster of three Apple Power Mac G5 machines and four Apple 30" LCD screens (of maximum resolution 2560 x 1600 each) tiled to form a 2x2 array and is the first tiled display built using Apple hardware (to our knowledge). The Antelope software is used for seismic data monitoring and archiving along with web-based analytical tools developed at the ANF (http://anf.ucsd.edu/). OptIPuter visualization software (developed by the Electronic Visualization Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago) such as JuxtaView (an image viewer for interacting with remotely located extremely high resolution 2D images) and Vol-a-Tile (interactive volume rendering software allowing navigation into gigabyte-sized seismic volumes) will also be used. Interactive visualizations created by scientists at IGPP that overlay heterogeneous datasets such as seismic profiles, geology strata, earthquake locations, bathymetry and high resolution satellite imagery and aerial photos, using the Fledermaus software can also be viewed. The configuration of each cluster node is: dual CPU 2.5 GHz PowerPC G5, 8 GB RAM, 500 GB disk space, NVIDIA Ultra 6800 GeForce card, and the nodes are interconnected over gigabit Ethernet. This system will also be part of the OptIPuter infrastructure, with fiber connections to the OptIPuter CAVEwave on the National Lambda Rail. The design of the system is based on the Geowall-2 class of displays and the OptIPuter Visualization Cluster at Scripps. More information about this system is available at (http://www.siovizcenter.ucsd.edu/icluster/index.html).

The ROADNet project has enabled the acquisition and storage of diverse data streams through seamless integration of the Antelope Real Time System (ARTS) with (for example) ecological, seismological and geodetic instrumentation. The robust system architecture allows researchers to simply network data loggers with relational databases; however, the ability to disseminate these data to policy makers, scientists and the general public has (until recently) been provided on an 'as needed' basis. The recent development of a Datascope interface to the popular open source scripting language PHP has provided an avenue for presenting near real time data (such as integers, images and movies) from within the ARTS framework easily on the World Wide Web. The interface also indirectly provided the means to transform data types into various formats using the extensive function libraries that accompany a PHP installation (such as image creation and manipulation, data encryption for sensitive information, and XML creation for structured document interchange through the World Wide Web). Using a combination of Datascope and PHP library functions, an extensible tool-kit is being developed to allow data managers to easily present their products on the World Wide Web. The tool-kit has been modeled after the pre-existing ARTS architecture to simplify the installation, development and ease-of-use for both the seasoned researcher and the casual user. The methodology and results of building the applications that comprise the tool-kit are the focus of this presentation, including procedural vs. object oriented design, incorporation of the tool-kit into the existing contributed software libraries, and case-studies of researchers who are employing the tools to present their data.

For anyone who has managed a moderately complex buffered real-time data transport system, the need for reliable adaptive data transport is clear. The ROADNet VORBrouter system, an extension to the ROADNet data catalog system [AGU-2003, Dynamic Dataflow Topology Monitoring for Real-time Seismic Networks], allows dynamic routing of real-time seismic data from sensor to end-user. Traditional networks consist of a series of data buffer computers with data transport interconnections configured by hand. This allows for arbitrarily complex data networks, which can often exceed full comprehension by network administrators, sometimes resulting in data loops or accidental data cutoff. In order to manage data transport systems in the event of a network failure, a network administrator must be called upon to change the data transport paths and to recover the missing data. Using VORBrouter, administrators can sleep at night while still providing 7/24 uninterupted data streams at realistic cost. This software package uses information from the ROADNet data catalog system to route packets around failed link outages and to new consumers in real-time. Dynamic data routing protocols operating on top of the Antelope Data buffering layer allow authorized users to request data sets from their local buffer and to have them delivered from anywhere within the network of buffers. The VORBrouter software also allows for dynamic routing around network outages, and the elimination of duplicate data paths within the network, while maintaining the nearly lossless data transport features exhibited by the underlying Antelope system. We present the design of the VORBrouter system, its features, limitations and some future research directions.

When fully operational, the Transportable Array (TA) and Flexible Array (FA) components of the continent-scale EarthScope USArray seismic observatory project will provide telemetered real-time data from up to 600 stations. By the fifth year of the deployment the predicted total amount of data production for the TA and FA will be approximately 1500 Gb/yr and approximately 1000 Gb/yr respectively. In addition to delivering the data to the IRIS Data Management Center (DMC) for permanent archiving, the Array Network Facility (ANF) is charged with real-time data quality control, calibration, metadata storage and retrieval, network monitoring and local archiving. The Antelope real-time processing software provides the back-bone to this effort, supported by the Storage Resource Broker data replication/archiving system and the Nagios network monitoring tool. Real-time, web-based data mining, with support for multiple database schemas, is provided by an Antelope interface to both Perl and PHP scripting languages. This allows embedding of database functions in HTML. A suite of online tools allows query and graphical display of dynamic real-time sensor network parameters such as data latency, network topologies, and data return rates. Data and metadata are also web-accessible, for example XML trees of seismic data and graphical display of instrument response functions. The purpose of these tools is to provide the ANF, IRIS and end-users of USArray data with a real-time systematic method of determining data quality for the spatio-temporal area of interest. The tools are accessible at http://anf.ucsd.edu

A 50 megapixel display wall is under construction at the Cecil H. & Ida M. Green Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) for the display of multiple interactive 3D visualizations of various geophysical datasets. This system is designed through collaboration between major NSF funded projects such as OptIPuter and USArray (EarthScope), and will allow researchers to visually analyze data and present results at extremely high resolution. The OptIPuter project (www.optiputer.net) leverages the capabilities of dedicated optical networks that interconnect instruments, processors, computer storage and visualization resources to aid in Earth Sciences research. This system comprises a cluster of seven Apple Power Mac G5 machines and twelve Apple 30" LCD screens (of maximum resolution 2560 x 1600 each) tiled to form a 4x3 array and will be the first Apple-driven tiled display to our knowledge. The Antelope software will be used for seismic data monitoring and archiving along with web-based analytical tools developed at the Array Network Facility (ANF http://anf.ucsd.edu/) at IGPP. OptIPuter software (developed by the Electronic Visualization Laboratory) such as JuxtaView (an image viewer for interacting with remotely located extremely high resolution 2D images) and Vol-a-Tile (interactive volume rendering software allowing navigation into gigabyte-sized seismic volumes) will also be used. Interactive visualizations created by scientists at IGPP that overlay heterogeneous datasets such as seismic profiles, geology strata, earthquake locations, bathymetry and high resolution satellite imagery and aerial photos, using the Fledermaus software will also be viewed. The configuration of each cluster node is: dual CPU 2.5 GHz PowerPC G5, 8 GB RAM, 500 GB disk space, NVIDIA Ultra 6800 GeForce card, and the nodes are interconnected over gigabit Ethernet. This system will also be part of the OptIPuter infrastructure, with fiber connections to the OptIPuter CAVEwave on the National Lambda Rail. The design of the system is based on the Geowall-2 class of displays (http://www.geowall.org) and the OptIPuter Visualization Cluster at Scripps (http://www.siovizcenter.ucsd.edu/optiputer/index.html).

The deployment of Transportable Array stations for the EarthScope USArray project has begun and will ramp up to 400 real-time telemetered stations over the next four years. The role of the Array Network Facility (ANF) in the USArray project is to guarantee delivery of all Transportable Array stations (400) and telemetered Flexible Array stations (200) to the IRIS Data Management Center, ensure proper calibration and metadata are always up to date, and provide quality control for all data. In support of these goals, we use the Antelope software package to facilitate data collection and transfer, generation and merging of the metadata, monitoring of dataloggers, generation of noise spectra, and analyst review of individual events. The SRB, and a newly developed Antelope/SRB interface, is used for off-site backup of the data. A freeware package, Nagios, adapted to include Antelope plug-ins, as well as newly developed in-house tools allow network and data flow monitoring. Quality control checks include: daily review by an analyst to look for obvious discrepancies in channel polarization or change in noise characteristics; associations made against regional network and global bulletins to help spot timing errors; spectral noise plots; and daily reports of outages and data gaps.